Device for the improvement of the mixture in internal-combustion engines



' 1,594,094 w. -E.. ERNST July 27 DEVICE FOR THE IIIPROVEHBNT OF THE MIXTURE IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Aug 11st 27, 1924 Fig.1

Patented July 275 1926.

" STAT WIVIQHELMYV'EBERHARD enlists, or;mammcaomsmqga i" DEVICE FOR THE IMPROVEMENT or. THE MIXTURE IN INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGI ES.

Application filed August 27, 1e24,seria1 imfza sas, and in Germany Mareh s, 1923. v

' vaporizing. worl: of the carburettor remains preserved only partly up to the suc ,tion'valvel. Part of the vaporized mixture precipitates on the travel through the sue tion pipe, this being especiallyperceivable. when heavy fuels are used. It has been proposed to suppress the suctionpipe by connecting with each motorblock or even with each cylinder a separate carburettor directlyor through the intermediary -of a short tubular socket. The gmi-xture arrived however nevertheless in the valve chamber 7 I divided during the travel to the cylinder in moist state and inclining to condensation. "It hasbeen" further proposed to make the suction pipe fork-shaped and .to re-unite the branches'in the cylinders in order to produce an eddying, but this; has'also been unsuccessful. 3 I If combustible'mixtures have to combust entirely in the cyli11der, fuel particles and oxygen particles mustbe in the finest pos-' 7 [fuel particlesis obtained.

'sible distribution and inthe most favorable arrangement to one another; This condition is realized especially for fuels of higher v1scos1ty,; neither n the carburettor nor in suction pipes-even if they are constructed" in such a mannerfthat the formation of eddies in the mixture (jet air) isensuredif So dong asthe rate of flow of the mixture is greater thanthat of the diffusion merely a "thread-like arrangement of the oxygenand Eddies produced shortly before the suction'v'alve or in the valve chamber are capable of producing a better distribution of the fuel-drops in the air butfals o in this case the thread-likearrangement remains as ieddying threads propagating in the flow.

'A very high degreeof the desiredmolecular distribution'off the mixture is attained if, according to the invention, one 'orseveral pairs of mixture streams' produced 'at a point where mixing takes place; forinstance I m the carburettor, are conducted at increased f rate offfiow through nozzles'into a' mixing chamber so that the individual: streams of each pair strike violently onone anothenl [According to the ,angle of incidence selected, to the distance between the nozzles andgthe rate of flow due to the shape of the nozzles,

clearly. defined penetration zones are:ob-'

tained. this case there are no longer layers of streams or threads' whlch whirl the one around the other.but faccordingfto the perfection of arrangement an instanmay be. altered 'multaneously;

given by way of example; I v Fig; 2, s an enlarged longltuchnal SBCUOTI through the device.

wof Fig. 3.

"P TENT;

taneous positive. diffusion is obtained;v 1n- .WlllOh' the .oxygen particles and the. fuel particles are brought into an extraordinarily favorable mutual position.

' The more uniform the .dlstributionof the to be re-united again in the mixing cham- -ber,jor [several streamsi coming each vfrom a separate point at which amixtureais formed maybe conducted so'that they s'trike violentl-y on one'another-in the mixing chamber.

No'zzles, slits ori othermeans are interposed preferablyfbetween the point; where fuelisithe morecca'n the temperature-of the mixturebe'reduced ithoutdanger ofsepa:

vthe mixture is'formediand the mixing cha1n-- ber F whereby an increased zvclocity is-imparted to the several streamsbefore they, .enter the: mixing chamber. These nozz1es,

slitsor other? means are rendered adjustablein orderthat the cross section; thedirection of thestreams and the distance-of th-epoints Where they enter into the mixing chamber and regulated singly or sithe invention is? illustratedfin the accompanying drawings, themixing space possessing an especiallyafatorable shape;.-' The invention is, however. not limited to: the form of construction shown but comprises all arrangements and means which are-adapted to make streams strike violently on one-another between thepoints "where the formation of mixture takes place and .illlGxlIlI-IQI" space bi thejwc'ylinder, so that a-t-horouglr working ofthe streams and consequently an improvement of the evaporationand gasifi cationlstate iSJPIOtlLlCBCl. l V o In; the accompany n g drawings :-"1

Fig. :1, shows in elevation diagrammatieally alcylinder block with an arrangement of the device according." .to, the invention '.-3'='shows in elevation part of the vice in another position 1 than that in Fig. 2. l FigJ eF-is a crosssectmnonline IV*IV the conduits in the cylinder block, which lead into the combustion chambers. Each casing 3 contains a mixing chamber 2 and is connected with a mixing tube or intake manifold 4 leading from the point 1 where the formation of the mixture takes place. In. the casing, a seat 5 for a rotary sliding valve is arranged, and is provided with windows 6, an: annular space 7 being provided between the inner surface of the casing and the outer surface of the seat 5. The seat 5 is preferablyof conical shape for reasons which will, be hereinafter explained and it has a bearing face 8 which is in contact with the cylinder bloclr and adapted to be adjusted. With this object in view, incisions 9 are arranged in the lower end of seat 5 designed to receive a key for rotating the seat so that the position of the windows 6 relatively to the casing 3 may be varied. The mixing tube 4 is preferably connected with the casing 3 so that it terminates eccentrically in the annular space 7 as indicated in Fig. 1. The seat 5 is mounted in the casing 8 so that the mixture coming from the mixing tube must divide before it can flow through the windows or ports 6 into the mixing chamber 2.

In the seat 5, a rotary slide valve 10 with ports 11 is arranged, which may be rotated according to requirement to regulate the inflow of the mixture from the mixing tube or from the annular chamber 7 into the mixing space 2. The mixing space 2 which is formed of the inner space of the rotary slide valve 10 and of the adjacent part of the seat 5 has such a shape that the cross sections become larger in the direction of flow. For thisreason in the form of construction illustrated, a conical'shape of the rotary slide valve and of the seat has been selected.

The edges 12 of the windows of the seat 5 and the edges 13 of the windows of the rotary slide valve 10 are preferably arranged so that at the beginning of the opening only quite narrow cross sections are liberated on the base of the gradually enlarging mixing space 2 and so that the streams admitted into the mixing chamber penetrate the one into the other in equal distance from the base of the mixing space and without considerable formation of eddies approximately in the central longitudinal axis of the mixing space, in order to develop gradually without coming essentially in contact with the wall of the mixing space, whereby a preju dicial friction or condensation of the mixture might be produced (see Fig. 6).

From Figure 6 it may be seen that thin streams of the mixture mix with one another in a space at the narrowest cross section, but streams of greater cross section mix, for instance at an opening, as shown in Fig. 3.

'Vl'iile the degree of opening is determined by the shape of the opening edges 12 or 13 in the form of construction shown by the curvature of the edge 13 along the line 13*, the conducting of the mixture along the central longitudinal axis of the mixing space is due to the special construction of the boundary faces of the ports 6 and 11. Experiments have shown that a similar eiiect is not produced, as could be assumed, by boundary faces directed towardsthe central longitudinal axis but that the boundary faces must preferably be undercut with regard to the radial direction and that further opening edges 12 and 13 which are sharp like knife edges are especially advantageous (compare in Fig. 4 the angles wand ,8) of which the boundary faces are undercut with regard to the radial direction. The flowing of the mixture over the sharp edges exerts further a very favorable influence on the intensive vaporizationof the mixture. It is advantageous that even at complete opening, the sharp edges of the rotary slide valve is not completely covered by the seat.

It is advantageous if the central axis of the mixing space coincides with the axis of the bore of the mixture inlet a in the cylinder block b so that the inflow of the mixture into the valve space of the working cylinder takes place without any essential change of direction. The distance from the base of the mixing chamber to the inflow point on the valve is preferably of such a length that a sufficient building up of the mixture cone ascending from the mixing space has already taken place beforev the mixture passes through the valves. Owing to the direct contact of the seat with the cylinder block the heat from the cylinder block, is transferred to the wall of the mixing space.

The rotary slide valve 10 has a stud 14 on which a spring 15 is mounted, designed to ensure the tight contact between the rotary slide valve and the seat 5 against the sucking efiect of the piston. This stud 14 carries further a lever 16. The levers of several of such devices. may be connected with one another by a link 17 and they may further be connected by a rod system 18 with a lever (not shown) arranged on the drivers seat. A screw .19 which engages with a groove 20 of the stud 14 serves to limit the rotation of the slide valve. The stud 14 may further have a longitudinal'bore 21 through which an additional mixture component, air, liquid fuel or the like, may be added in the mixing space (see Fig. A

; rotary slide valve of the arrangement de- -entirely or partly, the I function of the. throttling flap of the carburettor. The

scribed is distingui'shed by easy movements and tight contact.

The device may be connected -directly with the point where the. formation ofmixture takes place (carburettor) and takeover longitudinal axis of the carburettor and ofth'e device may coincide.

The device is evidently not only designed for internal combustion enginesin which the like). c 1

The mixing process as it is effected by a.

' admission of the mixture into the cylinder device similar to that described represents thelast decisive step of preparing the mixtureand evaporation'butit shall not be excluded that according to the prevailing conditions a "certain acceleration of mixture be produced behind: the mixing point for instance by a shape of the nozzlewhich does not reduce the charging degree.

I claimz-l I 1. VA fuel mixing device adapted to be placed between the intake of an internal combustion engine and the po nt at wlnch the fuel mlxture is formed comprising in combination a casing provided with afuel inlet and'outlet, partition walls in the casing for subdividing the fuel mixture into a plurality of streams, a mixing chamber asso-} ciated with the casing and widened in the direction of. flow of the mixture, closure members between the casing inletand the mixing chamber, for .dlrectmg the subdivided streams of fuel into. the mixing chamber and permitting the streams to'contact with" each other according to their cross :sectmn', whereby streams with smaller cross section at short distances will mix with those oflarger cross SBCtlOIL tially. greater dlstances.

5c, at, substan- A mixing device as claimedin claim '1 vincluding curved closure edges on-the closure 'members leavmg only a small cross section o slight opening' angle of the closure member, saidcross section greatly increasing with further opening.

' 3. A mixing device as claimed in claim 1 including curved sharp" breaking edges on section at'lslight opening angle, of the en)- sure member, said cross section greatly increasing-on further opening.

4. A mixing device as clalmed in claim 1 col the closure edges, leaving only a small cross 7 including curved sharp cutting edges at.

certain points on theclosure members.

5. A fuel mixing device adapted to be placed between the intake of an internal combustion engine and the point at which the fuel mixture is fformed' comprising a circular casing having an inlet arranged to dlscharge a fuel mixture tangentiallyinto said casingfafconical seat arranged in 4 the casing and provided w th oppositely disposed windows, a rotatable valve arranged in the seat and having openings adapted to cooperate with the windows in the seat for admitting streams of fuel into the interior of the valveat opposite. points, thelnterior of said valve forming a conical mixing chamber widening in I the direction of the flow of the mixture.

.6. A mixing devlce as claimed in claim 5 in which the seathas an annular bearing surface and is rotatably'mounted 1n the cas-J In testimony whereof I my signature WILHELMEBERHARD ERNST. 

